What is a NIE number, and how do you get one?
The NIE number is your Spanish identification number — and it is the first thing you need to get before anything else in Spain can happen. Here is everything you need to know.
What is a NIE number?
NIE stands for Número de Identidad de Extranjero — the foreigner's identification number in Spain. It is your unique tax number and ID in Spain, and is required for almost all official purposes: buying property, a bank account, insurance, a mobile contract, registering a car and filing a tax return.
When do you need a NIE?
In short: get your NIE number early in the process — ideally 2-3 months before you plan to carry out your first major transaction.
- Before buying property (the notary requires it)
- Before opening a Spanish bank account
- Before taking out insurance in your own name
- Before registering a car
- Before starting as self-employed (autónomo)
Method 1: Via the Spanish embassy at home
You can apply for a NIE number at the Spanish embassy in your home country. Book an appointment online via the embassy's website, attend with your passport, a completed EX-15 application form and proof of purpose (for example a letter of intent from an estate agent or lawyer for a property purchase). The fee is typically under 15 EUR. Processing time is typically 2-6 weeks.
Method 2: Directly in Spain
If you are already in Spain, you can apply at the local Oficina de Extranjería or at the police station (Comisaría de Policía Nacional). Book an appointment ("cita previa") online via the police booking system. Bring your passport, two passport photos, a completed EX-15 form and proof of purpose. In high season there can be long waits for appointments.
Method 3: Via a lawyer or gestoria
The easiest method for most people: your Spanish lawyer or a gestoria (administrative advisor) can obtain the NIE number on your behalf via power of attorney. This typically costs 100-300 EUR in fees, but saves you the queue and the paperwork. Many foreign buyers choose this solution.
Important detail: A NIE number is assigned once and is permanent — it does not change even if you change address or status. Keep your NIE certificate carefully, as you will need the number again and again.
NIE vs. TIE — what is the difference?
NIE is your identification number. TIE (Tarjeta de Identidad de Extranjero) is a physical ID card issued to non-EU residents. EU citizens typically use the "green residencia certificate" (Certificado de Registro de Ciudadano de la Unión) as proof of residence rights — not the TIE. Your NIE number appears on both documents.
Frequently asked questions about the NIE
Can you buy property in Spain without a NIE number?
No — the notary requires your NIE number to complete a property transaction. It is one of the first steps you need to take in the buying process.
What does a NIE number cost?
The state fee itself is under 15 EUR. If you use a lawyer or gestoria to arrange it for you, it typically costs 100-300 EUR in fees on top.
Does a NIE number expire?
The NIE number itself does not expire — it is permanent. The certificate you receive may, however, in some contexts need to be renewed (a more recent date) to demonstrate that you have actively requested the number for a specific purpose.
Have questions?
Contact us and we'll help you with your property plans in Spain.